Judith Butlers Perception of the Female in the Modern...

Perception of the Female in the Modern Era: Gender Identity and the Act of Becoming in Cindy Shermans History Portraits Introduction There is some disparity between the way critics and philosophers like Judith Butler view Cindy Shermans work and the way that Cindy Sherman speaks of her photographs. It may be the disparity that exists between many modern artists, who often operate on an intuitive level, and the philosopher critics who comment upon them from a theoretical perspective or a pre-established framework. On one level, Cindy Sherman may only be playing dress-up (as she herself admits) in her famous History Portraits (1989-90) (Berne, 2003). On another level, however, her dressing-up may be indicative of a deeper problem in modern gender identity theory which is the problem of becoming woman (Butler, 1994) or, as Judith Butler sees it, the problem of performativity. In the History Portraits, Sherman may certainly be said to be performing and perhaps even attempting to become the male and female characters she represents in her work. Indeed, it is upon such a premise that philosopher critics and gender theor ists find her work so engaging. This paper will examine Cindy Sherman and her History Portraits in relation to Judith Butlers gender theory, the portrayal of the self, and how gender identity has changed throughout the course of modern history. It will examine representations of womanhood from Romantic Idealism to Post-Modernism and will also

The Physics Of Quantum Computers - 1480 Words

My topic is quantum computing. We can say that quantum computers are likely to move out of science fiction and research labs and into practical applications. A quantum computing is way faster than a normal pc. Google already have one and make many test online. A quantum computer is a new complex technology. This computer is not available for us yet. This new engine represent a lot of new possibility for us. Some person tell that the teleportation would be available, but this is too far. Old computers can’t afford all what a quantum computer can do, and that mean one day they will disappear. Quantum computing has a lot of benefice, for example, it uses superposition, help to improve the actual technic by solving problems that are too complex for today’s computational systems, and are have a lot of requirement to work properly. Quantum computer are fascinating. Even better, a quantum computer is a computer design which uses the principles of quantum physics to increase the computational power. A traditional computer can’t reach the same level of power or operations. A quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the molecular, atomic, nuclear, and even smaller microscopic level. Also, thanks to superposition and entanglement, a quantum computer can process a vast number of calculations simultaneously. Where a classical computer works with ones and zeros. â€Å"Superposition is essentially the ability of a quantum system to be in multiple states at the same time† (IQC,Show MoreRelatedPhysics : Quantum Computing And Computer Science859 Words   |  4 PagesQuantum Computing and Its Relation to Computer Science I have decided to write my paper on Quantum Computing. This is a difficult subject for me to wrap my head around, however I feel it is a very important field to look into more closely. 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Among learning about the many facets of quantum computation, my obligations also include developing computer programs using bothRead MoreCoherence, Entanglement, And Topological Phases Of Quantum Mechanical Waves832 Words   |  4 Pagesphysicist working on quantum mechanical aspects of condensed matter and solid state physics. My past research highlights coherence, entanglement, and topology in condensed matter systems. These features are unique in quantu m systems, and can give rise to phenomena that do not have classical counterparts. Target systems of my interest include mesoscopic/nanoscopic systems such as graphene, spintronics, topological insulators, and strongly correlated electron systems such as quantum magnetism, unconventionalRead MoreThe Physics Of Computer Science1314 Words   |  6 Pageshas been vast and rapid development in the field of computer science since last couple of decades. From the abacus- early counting device, Napier’s Bones, Pascal’s Calculator, Leibnz Calculator, Analytical Engine, ENIAC, Transistors to Super Computer these has been a drastic sophistication in the field of computation. This pace can be seen and felt around us. Scientist has already developed and involved in the further advancement of quantum computers through different experiments which is believed toRead MoreComputers And The Field Of Computer Engineering1571 Words   |  7 Pages Electrical engineering is a wide field of study and the field of computer engineering is very intriguing. Computer hardware is the field that is advancing at an exponential pace in the last 100 years which is a very small piece of human history. Which is why this field is so interesting and finding advancements in computer and computing is not hard to come by. There’s always something new that’s created like a new software or processor. But there’s been some recent advancements in what could shapeRead MoreQuantum Physics : Quantum Computing705 Words   |  3 PagesQuantum Computing Less than 100 years ago, beginnings of the â€Å"new quantum theory† began. Only about 55 years after the new quantum theory began to emerge the idea that quantum phenomena can be used to perform computations. The idea being for a quantum computer was that classical computers would take an extremely long time to perform huge calculations, when a simple quantum system perform these same calculations all the time. One property that quantum computers have been observed to have was theRead More Quantum Teleportation Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesQuantum Teleportation is one of the newest areas of study in the field of quantum physics. It is the stuff of science fiction, which is fast becoming reality, where solid objects can be moved vast distances instantly. It has been the subject of books and movies for years but it wasn’t until recently that physicists at IBM’s laboratories made it a reality. The ideas that formed the basis of these experiments came about from previous research by scientists such as Albert Einstein and HeisenbergRead MoreEssay on Application for Graduate Program in Electronics1318 Words   |  6 Pagesburning ever brighter and illuminating my path. My family bought a personal computer when I was ten years old, this provided me an opportunity to sample the world of technology, without any of the prerequisites needed to understand the complexities of homebrew electronics. I jumped at this opportunity, voraciously consuming any material relating to computers and their operation. I convinced my family to enroll me into a computer graphics course, I was then in sixth grade and became the youngest studentRead MoreQuantum Neural Network Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 1 Quantum Neural Network 1.1 Introduction and Background The eld of articial neural networks (ANNs) draws its inspiration from the working of human brain and the way brain processes information. An ANN is a directed graph with highly interconnected nodes called neurons.Each edge of the graph has a weight associated with it to model the synaptic eciency. The training process involves updating the weights of the network in such a way that the network learns to solve the problemRead MoreStephen Hawking1703 Words   |  7 Pagesis the 300th anniversary of Galileos death. Hawking originally studied at Oxford University in England studying physics even though he would have preferred math. He moved onto Cambridge University to work on his PhD in cosmology. Hawkings career has focused upon the cosmic entities known as black holes, and has extended to specialized areas such as quantum gravity, particle physics, and supersymmetry. A field of study that Stephen Hawking is known for is cosmology. Cosmology is the metaphysical

QBASIC Code

Question: Describe about the QBASIC Code with Coding. Answer: No. K/NSTOP AB/A B(s, a) 1 0.2074 0.1990081 0.196044 2 0.1999 0.2013047 3 0.1325 0.2356486 NA 4 0 0.5994458 NA Where, a = 4 x 2.4 = 9.6 and s = 10 Code I DIM C1(50) S = 10 NSTOP = 10000 FOR D = 1 TO NSTOP IA = -0.25 * LOG(1 - RND) A = A + IA J = 0 20 J = J + 1 IF J = S + 1 THEN K = K + 1 IF J = S + 1 THEN GOTO 30 IF A C1(J) THEN GOTO 20 X = -2.4 * LOG(1 - RND) C1(J) = A + X M = C1(1) FOR I = 2 TO S IF C1(I) M THEN M = C1(I) NEXT I IF M A THEN AB = AB + M - A 30 NEXT D PRINT K / NSTOP, AB / A Code II DIM C1(50) S = 10 NSTOP = 10000 FOR D = 1 TO NSTOP IA = -0.25 * LOG(1 - RND) A = A + IA J = 0 20 J = J + 1 IF J = S + 1 THEN K = K + 1 IF J = S + 1 THEN GOTO 30 IF A C1(J) THEN GOTO 20 X = 2.4 C1(J) = A + X M = C1(1) FOR I = 2 TO S IF C1(I) M THEN M = C1(I) NEXT I IF M A THEN AB = AB + M - A 30 NEXT D PRINT K / NSTOP, AB / A Code III DIM C1(50) S = 10 NSTOP = 10000 FOR D = 1 TO NSTOP IA = 0.25 A = A + IA J = 0 20 J = J + 1 IF J = S + 1 THEN K = K + 1 IF J = S + 1 THEN GOTO 30 IF A C1(J) THEN GOTO 20 X = -2.4 * LOG(1 - RND) C1(J) = A + X M = C1(1) FOR I = 2 TO S IF C1(I) M THEN M = C1(I) NEXT I IF M A THEN AB = AB + M - A 30 NEXT D PRINT K / NSTOP, AB / A Code IV DIM C1(50) S = 10 NSTOP = 10000 FOR D = 1 TO NSTOP IA = 0.25 A = A + IA J = 0 20 J = J + 1 IF J = S + 1 THEN K = K + 1 IF J = S + 1 THEN GOTO 30 IF A C1(J) THEN GOTO 20 X = 2.4 C1(J) = A + X M = C1(1) FOR I = 2 TO S IF C1(I) M THEN M = C1(I) NEXT I IF M A THEN AB = AB + M - A 30 NEXT D PRINT K / NSTOP, AB / A

University of Notre Dame 2017-2018 Supplemental Essay Prompts

Interested in applying to the University of Notre Dame? Check out their supplemental essay prompts for this application season! University of Notre Dame is a catholic university located just adjacent to South Bend, Indiana. It is a mid-sized university with an undergraduate enrollment of approximately 8,500 students in a suburban neighborhood. While there are many religiously affiliated universities in the U.S., Notre Dame is one of the more traditionally catholic universities. Many of the catholic teachings and traditions are embedded into Notre Dame’s curriculum and student life on campus. Having said that, there are many students who are not religious or hold different religious beliefs. That diversity is also one of the many reasons students wish to become one of the Fighting Irish! University of Notre Dame has strong, well-rounded academic programs to offer prospective students. They are especially well-known for their undergraduate business programs and more recently, their engineering programs. Interested in applying? Here are the application requirements: In addition to the Common Application, the University of Notre Dame requires an additional 3 supplemental essays. For all three,in honor of our University’s 175th anniversary, the recommended word count is approximately 175 words per essay. Max. 200 words. Writing Supplement 1 Essay Prompt: What excites you about the University of Notre Dame that makes it stand out from other institutions? Writing Supplement 2 Please provide responses to TWO (2) of the following questions: Essay Prompt 1: The University of Notre Dame is a Holy Cross institution whose educational philosophy has been formed around five core principles inspired by Blessed Basil Moreau, C.S.C., the founder of the Congregation of Holy Cross. These principles, or pillars, of a Holy Cross education are Mind, Heart, Zeal, Family, and Hope, and they continue to shape our students today. Which pillar or pillars resonate most with you? Why? Essay Prompt 2: For whom are you responsible? Essay Prompt 3: What is one thing that you know for a fact? Why are you certain? Essay Prompt 4: Tell us about something significant that recently occurred in your community. Why does it matter to you? Interested in reading successful essay examples that got students accepted into the University of Notre Dame? Unlock all of them in one go withour curated package.Ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply!

Business Environment of the Maldives Essay Example

Business Environment of the Maldives Paper Market forces affect organizational responses to supply and demand, where those responses and behavior are shaped via cultural environment such as economics, socio- culture, technology, etc. In this regard if business is successful or finds it slow in expansion, it may consider globalization via international trade. In this report, the consequences of globalization and impact of EX. Policies are studied and analyzed in arriving conclusion. Introduction The combination of internal and external factors such as: competition; clients and suppliers; improvements in technology; laws and government activities; and market, social and economic trends that influence a companys operating situation, is known as business environment. In its environment, buyers and sellers interacts differently forming various competitive and non-competitive structures monopoly, oligopoly, perfect competition, monopolistic, etc. The basic analysis of different types of markets remains the same, as the quantity emended refers to the quantity of a good or service that households are willing and able to purchase at a particular price the effective demand. People would like to own luxury items that they could not afford making the demand ineffective. Pricing decision Of organizations are influenced by the behavior of its competitors and the market forces within the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment of the Maldives specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment of the Maldives specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Business Environment of the Maldives specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Professor Michael Porters Five Forces Model in 1980 identifies those factors which are likely to affect an organizations competitiveness. This simple, but powerful tool undermines where power lies in any business situation. These ores can create threats to marketers. Also they generate opportunities for new products and new methods of reaching customers. In the event of slow market growth, regulatory obstacles or market saturation, organizations consider factors like industry analysis, ways of exporting, etc. To go global. UK organizations are known international traders, influenced by free trade policies of European Union. The persistent inability to get a grip on the current Euro crisis has led international attention to focus on Europe not as a promising market of tomorrow, but as a potential source of turbulence in he months and years to come (Paleozoic, 2013). Though the policies have its disadvantages, most organizations take advantages of social, employment, environment and competition policies as granted. This report is made through research of scholarly articles, published and downloaded e-books. Some illustrations are extracted from such materials, while others are own work. A great effort is made to present the report as user-friendly, and understandable down to the lowest knowledge of readers. It is unfortunate that the report requires limited word count for such topic, where wider explanations and rich contextual is inevitable. Lack of resources and time (being a fulfillment co-academic and administrative staff) was highly challenging. Organizational behavior in their market environment Behavior Of organizations depend on barriers to entry and the influence Of competitors. In oligopolies industry, firms display mutual interdependence. If for example, one distributor lowers its gas price, subsequently other distributor would lower its prices to stay competitive. In development of oligopolies industry, firms often merge into create a duopoly. In more advanced situations and high concentration on profit taking, a monopoly occurs, where there is no competition and nil impact on their decisions from rivals. Market structure In describing market structure, Worthington and Britton (2006) refers to the amount of competition that exists in a market between producers, and further declares that the degree of competition can be thought of as lying along a continuum with very competitive markets at one end and markets in which no competition exists at all at the other end. Market structure relates to the factors that determine interaction of buyers and sellers, and the level of interaction of production and selling process, by emphasizing: number of rims, nature of products, degree of monopoly power and Influence on price, profit levels, firms behaviors on competition and output levels, magnitude of entry barriers, and impact on efficiency. Basic Market Structures: The Mammalian market structure The Mammalian market comprise of competitive market which consists producers/sellers competing with each other to satisfy needs of customers in a perfect competition with lack of product differentiation, and selling at cost or just above, and non-competitive market which comes into existence to make profit, with positive differentiation of their product or reducing number f other businesses in the market. BP (2010) argues that the lower the barriers (obstacles that deter new firms from entering a market to compete with the existing firms, gives a degree of market power such that decisions can be made by existing firms without risking their market share) the more likely to become a perfect competition. The higher the barriers to entry and exit the more prone a market tend to be a natural monopoly. The geographical challenges and scarcity of resources anticipates higher prices, in order to cover heavy capital cost, or for simply earning high profit. Vehicle (1976) quotes state ownership of the means of reduction creates monopoly of economic and political power and makes unification of both under the control Of a social group personifying the state, as summarized by Discovered. Being the public natural monopolist the only one firm, in supplying tap-water for essentialist, MASC.. Has important consequences for both price setting and quantity produced. It has a very high barrier of capital costs (e. G. , setting up a national network of pipes and sewage systems), making it impractical to have more than one firm. Barriers will normally be necessary to protect a monopoly from competition. MASC.. Is the price maker. But, as it involves government and mutual interest (necessity) of the people, MASC.. Would not limit output to receive monopoly profit. Nor would allow prices to exceed incremental cost (the change in capital and operating costs arising from increasing output) to become commercially viable. Rather, would consider locative efficiency where production is at least cost and prices equal to marginal cost. To reduce the negative impact on society, government often try to limit the market power of the monopolists. Ah alertest (2008), strongly suggests that if the market price under perfect competition would have been known, the government can ecocide on a price ceiling at that price. Then the equilibrium point is moved to the optimal point from society viewpoint. However, it is very difficult to estimate the optimal price. It may well be wrong to conclude that monopolies can charge any price they like. A monopolist has price-setting power and will look to earn high levels of profit. However the firm is controlled by the position of its demand curve, which is consequential in charging a price that the consumers in the market cannot bear. Resultant to market demand curve being its own demand curve as a sole supplier, monopolist faces a downward loping AR (average reeve u) curve with a MR.. (marginal revenue) curve with twice the gradient of AR. Therefore, the position and the elasticity of the demand curve acts as a limitation on the pricing behavior of the monopolist. Presumptuous on firm aiming to maximize profits (where marginal revenue = marginal cost) a short run equilibrium is established as shown in the diagram below. Market forces and organizational responses Market forces affect organizational responses in supply, demand, and marketing. Worthington and Britton (2006) justifies that the three problems of hat, and how to produce and how to distribute are solved by market forces. Supply and demand have an inverse relationship (e. G. , when new milk powder is placed in the market. The supply of the milk is greater than the demand for that particular milk consumer will need more information of the product and time to adapt it causing increase in the demand or product extinction). Thus organizations need to reach the equilibrium (the ideal point), where supply and demand are equal. Marketing activity can change the equilibrium point in supply and demand, by increasing demand of a good or service, hereby shifting the equilibrium, where supply and demand meet the consumers needs. Market forces in the Maldives and how it shapes the responses of organizations Porters Five Forces Model gains insight into the competitive strength of a businesss current position, and future movements, as well. It helps in taking advantage of situational strength, avoid mistakes and improve weaknesses. Slogan (2008) ratifies that the greater the competitive advantage of a firm, whether through lower costs or through less elastic demand for its products, the greater the rate of supernormal profit it ill be able to make. Natural monopolies like MASC.. Are incontestable and firms have no real competition. Rather, market forces are proper for an oligopolies industry whereby firms display mutual interdependence. Hence, Ordered a telecommunication company sharing duopoly in mobile service with Diarrhea Pet. Ltd. (landlines monopolist), and internet service providing oligopoly with Arcane Online and Diarrhea in Maldives, is considered. Redos pricing and output decisions depend on its barriers and behavior of its competitors which gives firms a degree of market power such that decisions can be made y existing firms without risking their market share. If Ordered sets a price higher than that charged by others, the company can expect to lose sales. Redos respond towards demand Demand for a goods or services depends on a number of factors; disposable income, the price of the other goods, tastes etc. Price- Fall in the price of an item increases demand, being affordable to more individuals with lower income. Thus the overall size of the market increases. Ordered (then Watching) penetrated market with revolutionary low price disturbing the monopoly of Diarrhea, resulting extreme demand for their services. Substitute People changes from one product to another, as the relative prices changes, or service becomes more functional. Ordered introduced, user specified time delivery on SMS, international credit transfer, and innovative service like emergency credit on prepaid service. According to Whaley (201 0), Innovation as an approach in competition theory; it shifts competitive advantage when rivals either fail to perceive the new way of competing or are unwilling or unable to respond. It does so with greater speed being based in real market needs. Complementary products customers are fond of free and complimentary items. Ordered introduced free credit on prepaid subscription, free minutes, free data, family remuneration packages, and organizational packages with inter organizational free calls (e. G. Police package). Redos respond towards us apply Supply depends largely on price. If a product can be sold at a higher price, businesses will supply more of that product. Change in technology leads to introduction Of new products, changes (in methods of production, in quality of resources and products, in ways of distributing the product) and new ways of storing and disseminating information (Worthington and Britton 2006). Developments which reduce costs of production will increase the quantity of a product supplied at a given price. Costs of making the product -To expand, run and sustain in a geographically scattered nation with lowly populated communities, Ordered need to pay wages, build network towers and number of distribution base stations, which is costlier than single large scale setup. Ordered has strategically steady policy in this regard, gradually covering the mobile and internet web around the country. According to Ordered (2014), they have launched G in Mafiosi and G+ in Diffuses along with 30 additional islands. How the business and cultural environments shape the behavior of MASC.. The forces of marketing environment, surrounds the customer and the marketing mix. It can create threats to marketers, and can generate opportunities for new products and new methods of reaching customers as well. Political environment: Government is responsible for providing a stable framework for economic activity and, in particular, for maintaining and improving the physical, social and market infrastructure (BP, 2010). Worthington and Britton (2006), allege that the governments exercise of power and the ideological foundations helps to indicate the nature of the lattice system and its likely approaches to the resolution of conflicts. However, Infancy of the political situation (multi-party system) has its complications and uncertainty over regulatory systems in Maldives. MASC.. Being government monopoly, and regulatory body of water and sewerage system, it has controlled and maintained a quality service. Its decisions are publicly trusted. Economic environment: consists of external factors in a business market and the broader economy that can influence a business, playing a critical role in determining the success or failure of a business. For example, high interest rates lags borrowing for business expansion, high unemployment rate may obtain cheap labor, while too high, may result in a recession and less consumer spending causing in insufficient sales to keep the business going. Exchange rates can either help or hurt the exporting of products to specific foreign markets, and tax rates will take a chunk of the income. Socio-cultural environment: can clearly be defined as behavior that exists within a population in the mean of beliefs, customs, and practices. This has much influence on International companies (e. G. International companies often include an examination of the socio-cultural environment prior to entering their target markets and set their approach as closely to the culture Of new environment), influencing on demand and supply. The type of products being produced or sold, the markets they are sold in, the price at which they are sold and a range of other variables are highly influenced by the cultural factors. People are a key organizational resource and a fundamental part of the market for goods and services (Worthington and Britton, 2006). Since MASC.. Operates in its mother culture, the influences are naturally defined. But, they are yet to calculate demographic values more recesses in accordance to the development projects in wider geographical locations. It has to implement strategies opposite to its industrial context and immediate response is urged under growing scarcity of fresh water in certain islands around the country. MASC.. Exercise segmentation profits, by dividing market into domestic users and institutional users, and applying variable prices system. Technological environment: increases output by gains in productivity, reducing cost and producing new items and changes in workplace (e. G. Social networks, virtual meetings, enterprise software packages, etc. ). It removes boundaries and reduces human errors of work and stress, by facilitating information at the workplace which accelerates quick decision making, and transforms business activities involving the collection, handling and analysis of information. Changes can be resisted if same production processes for many years or a large number Of Veteran employees being used. Proper training and adaptation must be exercised for new production technology to be welcomed by demonstrating how it will make their jobs easier in the long run. MASC.. Must consider proper technology, for being lawfully responsible for wellbeing of community, to face arioso challenges of natural disasters, scarcity of fresh water, regulating and monitoring desalination and sewerage procedures in tourism industry, maintaining quality assurance of various bottled water producers in the country. Significance of the global factors that shape national business activities Profitability is of crucial importance for most private-sector businesses. Significant business growth may only be possible through international expansion, while home market becomes difficult because Of slow market growth, regulatory obstacles or market saturation. As reparability depends on competitiveness, globalization may reduce cost in a competitive international market, increasing scale of production and enabling company to achieve reputation. Organizations require self-evaluation of its determination and readiness against the factors affecting globalization: International Trade: affects livelihood of the present world. It is huge, and growing faster than countries internal economies around the globe. It is the exchange of goods, services, and capital among various countries and regions. The international trade accounts for a good part of a countrys GAP, ND is one of the important sources of revenue for a developing country. The biggest challenges for business organizations in the UK is learning how and where to trade overseas. International trade is an economic necessity in an interdependent world. Being an open economy, UK established information center on international trade opportunities. It provides dedicated market support with services tailored for each organizations needs in order to effectively interact in international trade: market research information export promoters professional help various methods of conducting business particularly in a specific country help tit cultural requirements coordinating in bringing key contacts to the LIKE helping I-J organizations market themselves overseas by granting visit to countries and exhibiting at international trade shows Significance of international trade to UK business organizations International trade can be made in a mutually beneficial manner, provided each country has comparative advantage to manufacture products to be traded. F-or example, England can produce cloth for lower prices than Maldives, while Maldives can produce tuna fillets for lower prices than England. Accordingly, both England and Maldives can consumer maximize amounts of cloth and nun fillets if they focus on producing products within their relative advantage in engaging in international trade. Market Opportunities: A potentially favorable condition in which a business can capitalize on a changing trend or an increasing demand for a product by a demographic group that has yet to be recognized by its competitors. For a market opportunity to exist, a company must be able to identify who its potential customers are, the specific needs that need to be met, the size of the market, and its capacity to capture market share (Investigators, 2014). Global Growth: A positive change in the bevel of production of goods and services by a country over a certain period of time, where nominal growth is defined as economic growth including inflation. Real growth is nominal growth minus inflation. The economic growth is usually brought about by technological innovation and positive external forces. Impact of the European Union policies on business organizations In recognition of the benefits of free trade within the E, the member countries signed the Single European Act of 1986. This sought to dismantle all barriers to internal trade within the EX. By 1 993, and create a nine single market (Slogan, 2008). The member countries are required to follow several policies: Competition policy is basically about making sure that companies compete with each other on an equal footing on the basis of their products and prices with no unfair advantages (European Commission, 2012). Its reforms allow markets to work more efficiently for the benefit of consumers and drive sustainable economic growth. EX. Growth Program prioritize investment in innovation, including research and development, skills, low carbon, employment and social inclusion. European society is being hanged in the influences such as technological progress and the globalization of trade. The employment, social affairs and equal opportunities policies contribute to improving peoples living conditions with a view to sustainable growth and greater social solidarity. In the early asses EX. Committed to the environment: for protection of air and water quality, conservation of resources and protection of biodiversity, waste management and control of activities which have an adverse environmental impact, at both Member State level and internationally, through corrective measures or cross-cutting measures. Ordered, if being operated under EX. Policies, the barriers would have been justified, of higher market share allowing recovery of costs for establishing landlines. The growth and employment opportunities would adverse through MME regulations and free movement. Provisions ensures free competition, rather than cartels and monopolies sharing out markets and fixing prices, which would enhance consumer satisfaction conveying expansion of business and growth in job market, and profit minimization. Conclusion While monopoly telecommunications revenues are protected, the risk Of alienating both the business sector and the growing numbers of electrification subscribers in EX. Is high. Carriers need to develop and maintain a forward-looking plan to rebalanced domestic tariffs and renegotiate international tariffs so that both become more cost-based in the face of competitive and political threats. At the same time that new carriers enter, there will be opportunities for unavoidable carriers to acquire firms in related markets or to form alliances with these firms. By developing new service offerings, if necessary with outside partners, they can continue to be the carrier of choice. The markets where margin between costs and prices is likely o remain at above-normal levels, profit margins may be earned in international value added services for business customers, and may be international gateways and international transmission via satellite.

Qué migrantes deben comprar seguro por Obamacare

Quà © migrantes deben comprar seguro por Obamacare Actualmente, si su empleador no le brinda seguro mà ©dico ni tampoco est protegido por programas como Medicaid o Medicare puede que està © obligado a comprarse un seguro mà ©dico en cumplimiento de la ley que se conoce como Obamacare y, si no lo hace, deber pagar una multa. Obamacare, que tambià ©n se conoce como ACA, por sus siglas en inglà ©s o incluso como PPACA, tiene normas complejas. Y este artà ­culo aspira a explicar claramente quià ©n est obligado a tener seguro mà ©dico con especial mencià ³n a las diversas situaciones migratorias e, incluso, tipos de visa. Tambià ©n cules son las excepciones a esta obligacià ³n, cul es el monto de la multa si no se cumple con la ley y quià ©nes pueden comprar seguro a travà ©s del mercado que que se conoce como Marketplace y, es su caso, obtener subsidios para el pago. En este artà ­culo se explica quià ©nes NO estn obligados a comprar un seguro mà ©dico. Y como todos los dems no incluidos, sà ­ estn obligados a adquirirlo, tambià ©n se explica quià ©n puede tener ayuda econà ³mica para comprarlo y cul es la multa por no tener seguro. Quià ©nes no estn obligados a tener seguro mà ©dico   La forma ms sencilla de saber si se est obligado a tener seguro mà ©dico en Estados Unidos es determinar que no se est en uno de los grupos que pemiten no tenerlo. Y no estn requeridos por ley los siguientes: Ciudadanos y residentes permanentes legales en una de las siguientes situaciones especiales No estn obligadas aquellas personas con ingresos tan bajos que no tienen que llenar las planillas de impuestos (tax returns)Tampoco aquellas que no pueden pagarlo porque el costo del premium del seguro ms barato supera en un ocho por ciento los ingresos del hogar.Tampoco se tiene obligacià ³n si el tiempo sin seguro no excede de tres meses en el conjunto de un aà ±o.  Ni los ciudadanos que residen habitualmente en el extranjero o pasan al menos 330 dà ­as de un total de 12 meses en otro paà ­s. Estos ciudadanos pueden comprar seguros privados de corta duracià ³n cuando se encuentran en Estados Unidos si asà ­ lo desean.Tampoco estn obligados las personas que se encuentran en prisià ³n ni aquellas a las que su religià ³n se lo prohibe.Asimismo,   tampoco aplica a los nativos americanos que pueden obtener cobertura mà ©dica a travà ©s Servicio Mà ©dico Indio o los religiosos cubiertos por Health Care Sharing Ministry.Tampoco estn obligadas las personas con pocos ingresos que podrà ­an ser elegibles para Medicaid segà ºn las reglas establecidas por Obamacare, pero que viven en un estado que ha elegido no extender este beneficio. Por à ºltimo, ciertas situaciones transitorias de dureza pueden servir para calificar para no tener que comprar un seguro mà ©dico, como por ejemplo: declaracià ³n de bancarrota, haber sufrido un desastre natural como huracn o tornado, ser và ­ctima de violencia domà ©stica, estar en una situacià ³n de desamparo y no tener vivienda o, incluso, la muerte de un miembro de la familia.   Todos los ciudadanos y residentes que no estn en ninguna de esas categorà ­as citadas anteriormente deben estar cubiertos por un seguro mà ©dico. Situacià ³n de migrantes indocumentados y Obamacare Segà ºn la ley, las personas sin estatus legal en los Estados Unidos -los migrantes indocumentados- no estn obligadas a comprar un seguro mà ©dico. Ni tampoco tienen que pagar una multa por no tenerlo. Es decir, no les aplica la ley para nada, ni para lo bueno ni para lo malo.    A la hora de aplicar para comprar seguro a travà ©s de Obamacare se verifica el estatus legal del solicitante, siendo necesarios al menos 2 I.D. para acreditar ciudadanà ­a de Estados Unidos o residencia permanente legal. El sistema SAVE es una base de datos federal contra la que se verifican todos los I.D. que se presenten. Especial mencià ³n hay que hacer a los muchachos que aplicaron por la medida que se conoce como Accià ³n Diferida (DACA) y obtuvieron la aprobacià ³n. Se les considera que no estn legalmente presentes en los Estados Unidos y, como consecuencia, no estn obligados a comprar un seguro mà ©dico. Tampoco pueden beneficiarse de ninguna ayuda si deciden comprarlo. Es importante resaltar que todos los indocumentados -con DACA o sin ella- pueden comprar su propio seguro mà ©dico privadamente. Tambià ©n tienen las puertas abiertas en algunas instituciones que atienden sin fin de lucro y en los Centros de Salud Comunitarios y en los Centros de Salud Federalmente Calificados. Tambià ©n hay programas limitados como WIC, para embarazadas, lactantes, bebà ©s e infantes. Adems, algunos estados como California o Nueva York, permiten que tengan acceso a travà ©s de sus sistemas estatales a protecciones limitadas  en asuntos de salud o incluso a travà ©s de programas que aplican en condados concretos. Adems, California est viendo cà ³mo los indocumentados podrà ­an llegar   a beneficiarse de Obamacare, pero por ahora no pueden. Los indocumentados y los muchachos con DACA deben tener mucho cuidado con fiscalistas inescrupulosos que aseguran que tienen que pagar una multa por no tener seguro mà ©dico y se quedan con ese dinero. Porque, como ya se dijo ms arriba, ni tienen obligacià ³n de comprar seguro ni tienen que pagar si no lo tienen. Turistas en Estados Unidos y Obamacare Los extranjeros que se encuentran en los Estados Unidos por turismo no estn obligados a tener seguro mà ©dico. Sin embargo, es altamente recomendable que adquieran uno antes de viajar por las cifras astronà ³micas que puede alcanzar una simple consulta mà ©dica o una hospitalizacià ³n para un procedimiento sencillo debido a una urgencia. Adems, llamar la atencià ³n sobre las posibles consecuencias negativas de tener un bebà © en Estados Unidos con estatus de turista si no se paga completamente la factura de la hospitalizacià ³n. Por à ºltimo, las personas extranjeras residentes en otros paà ­ses que desean recibir tratamiento sanitario en Estados Unidos deben pagar por el mismo o mostrar un seguro mà ©dico que cubra por los gastos. Recordar que el riesgo de convertirse en una carga pà ºblica es una de las muchas causas de negacià ³n y/o cancelacià ³n de la visa americana. Visas de estudiantes y de intercambio y seguro mà ©dico Para los efectos de Obamacare, los estudiantes y participantes en programas de intercambio no son consideradas residentes legales temporales. Lo siguiente afecta a los extranjeros presentes en Estados Unidos con visas F, M, J, Q y sus dependientes.   Los estudiantes (F, M, Q) estn exentos de tener seguro mà ©dico durante los primeros cinco aà ±os de su estadà ­a en Estados Unidos. A partir de esa fecha debern iniciar trmites para que los consideren no residentes y probar fuertes lazos con su paà ­s para evitar tener la obligacià ³n de comprar seguro mà ©dico. Los titulares de visas J de intercambio, tienen una exencià ³n durante los dos primeros aà ±os de su estancia.   Obviamente, el sentido comà ºn indica que lo prudente es tener un seguro mà ©dico. Se puede comprar privadamente y, adems en el caso de los estudiantes, en muchas ocasiones se puede adquirir a travà ©s de las propias universidades. En total se estima que un total de 24 millones de personas que residen habitualmente en los Estados Unidos no tienen la obligacià ³n de tener seguro mà ©dico. Casos especiales En primer lugar, las personas menores de 26 aà ±os pueden estar incluidas en el seguro mà ©dico de cualquiera de sus padres. En segundo lugar a las personas con visas H-1 para profesionales y modelos  y L-1 de transfer entre empresas  se  les considera a estos efectos como residentes temporales y deben tener cobertura mà ©dica. Si trabajan en un lugar con ms de 50 empleados lo obtendrn por ley a travà ©s de la empresa pero si es ms pequeà ±a depender de la polà ­tica de la empresa. Si à ©sta no lo da, pueden obtenerlo a travà ©s del marketplace o comprar uno directamente con una aseguradora para sà ­ y sus dependientes (H-4).  ¿Cà ³mo se hace para obtener un seguro mà ©dico en Estados Unidos? Si no se est en ninguna de las categorà ­as mencionadas anteriormente y que dan derecho a estar exentos de la obligacià ³n de tener un seguro mà ©dico entonces hay que conseguir uno. Lo cierto es que en Estados Unidos la gran mayorà ­a de personas con esta obligacià ³n - tres de cada cinco- lo obtienen a travà ©s de las empresas para las que trabajan.  Y otro 12 por ciento resuelve la situacià ³n a travà ©s de programas pà ºblicos como Medicaid, Medicare, CHIP, el Sistema de Veteranos, u otros como COBRA (desempleados que cumplen ciertos requisitos) o TRICARE (militares). Para el resto caben dos alternativas para cumplir con la ley. Primero, contratar un seguro privado por su cuenta o, segundo, acudir a lo que se conoce como el Health Insurance Marketplace.  ¿Quà © es el Marketplace para la compra de seguro mà ©dico? El Marketplace un mercado en internet donde se da la opcià ³n de comparar y comprar el seguro mà ©dico que ms se ajuste a las necesidades del comprador. Tambià ©n se conoce en inglà ©s con el nombre de exchanges. Los seguros varà ­an enormemente segà ºn lo que se paga, las coberturas que se acuerdan, la aseguradora, el estado en el que se reside, si se elige un PPO o un HMO, etc.  ¿Quià ©nes pueden comprar seguro mà ©dico en el marketplace? Todas las personas en una de las siguientes categorà ­as que no tienen seguro mà ©dico porque no se lo da la empresa, ni estn cubiertos por asistencias pà ºblicas como Medicare, CHIP o Medicaid ni han contratado uno directamente con una aseguradora. El seguro en el marketplace se puede comprar para sà ­ mismo y para las personas dependientes, como por ejemplo los hijos menores de 26 aà ±os. Ciudadanos o nacionales de los Estados Unidos. No importa el caminio por el cul se adquirià ³ la ciudadanà ­a.Todos los   extranjeros presentes en Estados Unidos que califiquen, esto es:   Residentes permanentes legales.Extranjeros en el proceso de ajuste de estatusAsilados y refugiados. Los primeros sà ³lo si ya tienen aprobado el permiso de trabajo (EAD) o son menores de 14 aà ±os y llevan de espera en su aplicacià ³n ms de 180 dà ­as.Cubanos y haitianos que ingresaron al paà ­s por reglas especà ­ficas que aplican sà ³lo a ellos. Y cualquier persona a la que se le haya concedido un parole en una frontera (puerto, aeropuerto o paso terrestre).Las personas a las que se le concedià ³ con anterioridad a 1980 un ingreso condicional.Las personas buscando legalizacià ³n en base a maltrato y sus cà ³nyuges, hijos, padres o madres.Las và ­ctimas de trfico humano, sus cà ³nyuges, hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os, padres, madres y hermanos.Los migrantes que gozan de un TPS.Los extranjeros con visas temporeras de trabajo, como por ejemplo las H-1B, las H-2A y las H-2B y otros comprendidos dentro de la clasificacià ³n de residentes legales temporales, como por e jemplo, los periodistas con visa I, los religiosos con una R, los prometidos (novios) de ciudadanos americanos con una K-1, los inversores (EB-5, E-2), oficiales de gobiernos extranjeros, los estudiantes, trabajadores de la OTAN, personas con visas de intercambio J-1 o trabajadores en situacià ³n de transfer dentro de sus empresas (L-1). Por regla general, tambià ©n se incluye a sus cà ³nyuges e hijos solteros menores de 21 aà ±os.   Los extranjeros a los que se les ha concedido una suspensià ³n de la deportacià ³n (withholding of deportation/removal) o una suspensià ³n administrativa de la expulsià ³n (staying removal)Los muchachos a los que se les ha concedido el Estatus de Inmigrante Especial Juvenil.Las personas favorecidas por una orden presidencial que pospone su salida obligatoria de los Estados Unidos, lo que se conoce como DED o Deferred Enforced Departure y que en la actualidad sà ³lo aplica a ciudadanos de Liberia.Los residentes de la Samoa AmericanaLos ciudadanos de Micronesia, las islas Marshall o PalauLos miembros de una tribu nativa reconocida federalmente  Los nativos americanos (first nations) nacidos en Canad y que viven en los Estados Unidos. En el caso de familias mixtas con miembros legales y otros indocumentados, se puede aplicar para las personas que tienen estatus. No se preguntar por las circunstancias migratorias del resto. Y, si califican, los miembros legales pueden beneficiarse de subsidios.  ¿Quià ©n tiene derecho a descuentos de seguro mà ©dico a travà ©s del Marketplace? Muchas de las personas autorizadas a comprar seguro mà ©dico a travà ©s de este sistema podrà ­an tener derecho a dos clases de subsidios: Fiscales (tax subsidies), para los que ingresan menos del 400 por ciento de lo que est establecido como là ­nea de la pobreza. Esto viene a ser aproximadamente $46,000 para las personas que viven ellas solas y ms para las familias.De pago (cost-sharing), para ayudar a pagar por copagos, deducibles, primas, etc y que beneficia a las personas que ingresan en un aà ±o menos del 250 por ciento de lo que est establecido como umbral o linea de la pobreza.  ¿Cundo se puede comprar en el Marketplace? Las pequeà ±as empresas tienen el marketplace abierto sin là ­mite de fechas para incorporar a trabajadores. Adems, si se ha cambiado recientemente de estatus migratorio se podrà ­a calificar para un tiempo especial para enrolarse.  ¿Cul es el castigo por no tener seguro mà ©dico cuando se tiene obligacià ³n de tenerlo? En el 2017  el importe a pagar en concepto de multa ser la cantidad ms grande de entre estas dos: $695 dà ³lares por persona, cantidad que se ajustar segà ºn la inflacià ³n,  con un tope mximo de tres por familia, si bien el importe a pagar por un nià ±o menor de 18 aà ±os es de $347.50.el 2.5 de los ingresos de la renta imponible.  ¿Cà ³mo cobra el gobierno esa multa? Automticamente en cuando se hace el clculo de lo que toca a pagar (o a regresar) al llenar las planillas de los impuestos federales. Para cobrar el multa en su totalidad el gobierno puede incluso no regresar lo que toque a devolver por varios aà ±os, hasta que la deuda se paga completamente. Para mayor informacià ³n sobre Obamacare Se puede marcar al telà ©fono gratuito 1-800-318-2596 o consultar la pgina oficial de Cuidado de Salud del gobierno de los Estados Unidos. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal

Response to at least 3 student's postings with 2 references each Coursework

Response to at least 3 student's postings with 2 references each - Coursework Example Nancy’s post compares democracies in the United States and in Australia, identifying similarity in their governmental structures and administrative organization into states. It however identifies the Australian system as a constitutional monarch and the United States’ as a federal republic. I agree with Nancy’s post on federalism and people’s sovereignty in the American system as entrenched in the nation’s constitution (Wilson, Diiulio and Bose, 2012). Similarly, the writer’s idea of federalism and monarchy in Australia is valid (Robbers, 2006). Alfred explores Panama’s government system with the aim of demonstrating its level of democracy. The post further discusses similarities and differences between the system and the United States’ such as similar branches of government and roles of presidents. It however reflects differences in the nation’s legislature. I agree with Alfred’s post on the American bicameral legislative system (Wilson, 2011). The writer’s post on panama’s reliance on United States policies is also supported by the American historical involvement in Panama’s governance that indicates a significant degree of democracy in Panama (Harding,